ЯПОНСКИЙ / КУРС
| Grammar I - 02.02 |
| この / その / あの / どの ＋noun | |
| Kore, sore, are, and dare? can be modified by replacing the final
re with no to specify an object. It is important to note that kono, sono, ano, and dono? cannot stand alone: they must be followed by a noun. For example, if you know that the item in your hand is a watch (tokei) you can say: |
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| この とけい は いくら です か。 | How much is this watch? |
|
kono tokei wa ikura desu ka? |
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| As opposed to: | |
| これ は いくら です か。 | How much is this? |
| kore wa ikura desu ka. | |
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Similarly, if you're talking about a watch that is held by the person you are taking to, you can say: |
|
| その とけい は さんぜん えん です。 | That watch costs 3000 yen. |
| sono tokei wa san-zen en desu. | |
| And if the watch is far from both the speaker and the listener, you can say: | |
| あの 時計 は 三千 五百 円 です。 | That watch over there costs 3500 yen. |
| ano tokei wa san-zen go-hyaku en desu. | |
| If you already know that one of several watches is 3.500 yen, but do not know which, you can say: | |
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Since dono is a question world (just like dore discussed in I - 02.01), we cannot use the particle wa with it; we must use ga. |
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| どの とけい が さんぜん ごひゃく えん です か。 |
Which one (of the watches) is of the 3500 yen? |
| dono tokei ga san-zen go-hyaku en desu ka? | |
| To summarize: | |
|
これ（は～）/ この noun （は～） |
this - close to the person speaking |
| それ（は～）/ その noun （は～） | that - close to the person listening |
| あれ（は～）/ あの noun （は～） | that over there - far from both people |
| どれ（が～）/ どの noun （が～） | which? - unknown |