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    Kanji   Kanji Level 2 (160 kanji)  
193        
1885 くう 食う kuu to eat 2116 776
4449 たべる 食べる taberu to eat 776
           
3290 しゅしょく 主食 shushoku staple food 776
3476 しょくえん 食塩 shoku'en table salt 776
3478 しょくじ 食事 shokuji meal 776
3479 しょくたく 食卓 shokutaku dining table 776
3480 しょくどう 食堂 shokudoo dining hall 776
3483 しょくひん 食品 shokuhın foodstuff 776
3487 しょくもつ 食物 shokumotsu foodstuff 776
3488 しょくよく 食欲 shokuyoku appetite 776
3489 しょくりょう 食料、食糧 shokuryoo food, provision 776
3506 しょっき 食器 shokki tableware 776
           
           
194   niku meat  
5547 にく niku meat 776
5551 にくしん 肉親 nikushin blood relationship 776
5552 にくたい 肉体 nikutai flesh, body 776
  にくはく 肉迫 nikuhaku come close to; closing in upon (an enemy)  
           
           
185   uma horse 776
571 うま uma horse 776
5802 ばしゃばか 馬鹿 baka fool, idiot 776
  ばしゃ 馬車 basha coach  
           
           
186   ushi cow  
522 うし ushi cow 776
1734 ぎゅうにゅう 牛乳 gyuunyuu cow's milk 776
  ぎゅうば 牛馬 gyuuba horses and cows, cattle  

Ni yoreba によれば
Adverbial phrase meaning: according to, from.
It can be replaced with ni yoru to.

1. After noun

テレビのニュースによれば阿蘇山で大きな噴火があったらしい。
Terebi no nyuusu ni yoreba aso-zan de ooki-na funka ga atta rashii.
According to the television news, it seems there was a big eruption at Mt. Aso.

聞くところによれば彼女は結婚するそうです。
Kiku tokoro ni yoreba kanojo wa kekkon suru sou desu.
From what I´ve heard, she is going to get married.

天気予報によれば明日は雨です。
Tenki yohou ni yoreba ashita wa ame desu.
According to weather forecast, it will be rainy tomorrow.
 
Ni yotte によって
Adverbial phrase meaning: by (an agent), because of, due to, by means of, according to.

Note that it takes a passive verb. It can be replaced with the more formal ni yori, and becomes ni yoru (which does not take a passive verb) before a noun it modifies.

1. After noun

その小説は夏目漱石によって書かれた。
Sono shousetsu wa natsume souseki ni yotte kakareta.
The novel was written by Soseki Natsume.

職場での喫煙は規則によって禁止されています。
Shokuba de no kitsuen wa kisoku ni yotte kinshi sarete imasu.
Smoking at the office is prohibited by regulation.

試合は大雨によって中止された。
Shiai wa ooame ni yotte chuushi sareta.
The game was called off due to a heavy rain.

デモは武力によって鎮圧された。
Demo wa buryoku ni yotte chin´atsu sareta.
The demonstration was quelled by means of force.

2. Used in adjectival phrase

彼による話は信じがたい。
Kare ni yoru hanashi wa shinjigatai.
Talk from him is hard to believe. (What he says is difficult to believe.)

-> See also: de, o toushite, tame ni
 
Ni wa には
Double particle meaning: for ( in regard to), in order to
It is usually used before a predicate that expresses state, degree, quality, evaluation, etc

1. after noun

この服は子供には大きすぎます。
Kono fuku wa kodomo ni wa ookisugimasu.
This dress is too big for my child.

2. after dictionary form of verb

出かけるにはまだ早すぎます。
Dekakeru ni wa mada hayasugimasu.
It is still too early to go out.

外国を旅行するにはたくさんお金がかかる。
Gaikoku o ryokou suru ni wa takusan okane ga kakaru.
In order to travel abroad it takes a great deal of money.

このパソコンは持ち運ぶには大変便利です。
Kono pasokon wa mochihakobu ni wa taihen benri desu.
This personal computer is very handy to carry.

-> see also: no ni, tame ni, wa
 
No の
Particle meaning: of, at, in, on, to, from, by, for, one’s.

It also makes adjectivals, indicates apposition, makes possessive adjectives or pronouns, nominalizes verbs and adjectives, and indicates the subject or object in a relative clause. Note that it comes only before nouns.

1.After (adjectival) noun

東京は日本の首都です。
Toukyou wa nihon no shuto desu.
Tokyo is the capital of Japan.


これはフランクのカバンとかさです。
Kore wa Furanku no kaban to kasa desu.
These are Frank's bag and umbrella.


テレホンカードは売店の自動販売機で売っています。
Terehon kaado wa baiten no jidou hanbaiki de utte imasu.
Telephone cards are sold at a vending machine at the stand.


午後の授業は休みます。
Gogo no jugyou wa yasumimasu.
I will miss my afternoon classes.


日曜日の祭りは延期されました。
Nichiyoubi no matsuri wa enki saremashita.
The festival on Sunday was postponed.


芥川龍之介の小説を読んだことがありますか。
Akutagawa Ryuunosuke no shousetsu o yonda koto ga arimasu ka.
Have you ever read a novel by Ryunosuke Akutagawa?


事故で16歳の少年が死にました。
Jiko de juu roku sai no shounen ga shinimashita.
16-year old boy was killed in the accident.


こちらが友人の田中です。
Kochira ga yuujin no Tanaka desu.
This is my friend Tanaka.


別の靴を見せてください。
Betsu no kutsu o misete kudasai.
Please show me another pair of shoes.


2. after specific now expressing position/ space/ time
(often a noun + no + noun + no pattern)

ポケットの中の財布を盗まれました。
Poketto no naka no saifu o nusumaremashita.
I had the wallet in my pocket stolen.


机の上のカバンは誰のですか。
Tsukue no ue no kaban wa dare no desu ka.
Whose is the bag on the desk?


食事の後のデザートは何にしますか。
Shokuji no ato no dezaato wa nani ni shimasu ka.
What will you have for dessert after the meal?


3. After adverbial particle

(E, kara, de, and made are adverbial particles used before verbs. When a phrase using one of them is used to modify a noun, no must be put before the now to link it with the preceding phrase.)

広島までの往復切符を1枚ください。
Hiroshima made no oufuku kippu o ichi mai kudasai.
Please give me a round trip ticket to Hiroshima.


彼女へのプレゼントは何がいいですか。
Kanojo e no purezento wa nani ga ii desu ka.
What is a good present for her?


4.After an adverbial phrase

(like adverbial particles, when an adverbial phrase is used to modify a noun, no must be used to link the phrase with the noun. however, when the phrase Inns in ni, like no tame ni, the ni is replaced with no.)

その件についてのあなたの意見は極端です。
Sono ken ni tsuite no anata no iken wa kyokutan desu.
Your opinion concerning that matter is extreme.


彼らのための援助は全く不要です。
Karera no tame no enjo wa mattaku fuyou desu.
The aid for them is quite unnecessary.


5. after personal pronoun/name
(makes it possessive)

「これはあなたのカバンですか。」「いいえ、マイクのです。」
“Kore wa anata no kaban desu ka.” ”Iie, Maiku no desu.”
“Is this your bag?” “No, it is Mike's.”
 
6. after interrogative pronoun

( makes it an interrogative adjective)

「これは誰のバイクですか。」「私のです。」
“Kore wa dare no baiku desu ka.” ”Watashi no desu.”
“Whose motorbike is this?” “It is mine.”


「あれは何の木ですか。」「さくらの木です。」
“Are wa nan no ki desu ka.” ”Sakura no ki desu.”
“What (kind of) trees are they?” “They are cherry trees.”


どこの銀行に行けばいいですか。
Doko no ginkou ni ikeba ii desu ka.
Which bank do I need to go to?


7.Used as indefinite pronoun

(after dictionary or ta-form of verb/ adjective)

これが CD で、私が持っているのがレーザーディスクです 。
Kore ga shiidii de, watashi ga motte iru no ga reezaa disuku desu.
This is a compact disc, and the one I have is a laser disc.

このカメラは高すぎます。もっと安いのはありませんか。
Kono kamera wa takasugimasu. Motto yasui no wa arimasen ka.
This camera is too expensive. do you have any cheaper ones?


この方が私が買ったのよりいい。
Kono hou ga watashi ga katta no yori ii.
This is better than the one I bought.


8. Used to make a nominal, or to change preceding clause into a noun clause
(after dictionary, ta-, or nai-form of verb/adjective)

漢字を覚えるのはとても難しいです。
Kanji o oboeru no wa totemo muzukashii desu.
Memorising Chinese characters is very difficult.


タバコを吸うのをやめたいと思います。
Tabako o suu no o yametai to omoimasu.
I'd like to stop smoking.


書類を持ってくるのを忘れました。
Shorui o motte kuru no o wasuremashita.
I forgot to bring the papers.


蒸し暑いのは嫌ですね。
Mushiatsui no wa iya desu ne.
Humidity is unpleasant, isn't it?


彼が事故で亡くなったのは事実です。
Kare ga jiko de nakunatta no wa jijitsu desu.
It is true that he was killed in an accident.


彼にそれができないのはおかしい。
Kare ni sore ga dekinai no wa okashii.
It is strange that he can't do that.


9.After subject in a relative clause
(may be replaced by ga)

彼女の作った料理はとても美味しいです。
Kanojo no tsukutta ryouri wa totemo oishii desu.
the food she cooks is very delicious.


10. after object in a relative clause

コーヒーの欲しい人は言ってください。
Koohii no hoshii hito wa itte kudasai.
Those who want coffee speak up, please.


11.At the end of sentence ( with rising intonation)
( usually used by women and children)

一緒に行きたくないの。
Isshoni ikutaku nai no.
Don't you want to go together?


-> see also ga (1), koto, mono, ni tsuite, no desu, tokoro