ЯПОНСКИЙ / КУРС
| Grammar - Beginner - Part 4 |
| nakereba ikenai なければいけない Predicative phrase (expressing obligation imposed by the speaker) meaning: (you) must. Nakereba is the ba-form of the negative adjective nai. It may be replaced with nakutewa, nai to, or the informal nakya. 1. After the stem of nai-form of verb もっと勉強しなければいけません。 Motto benkyou shinakereba ikemasen. You must study harder. 「私も行かなければいけませんか。」「いいえ、結構です。」 ''Watashi mo ikanakereba ikemasen ka.''Iie, kekkou desu.'' ''Do I have to go, too?'' ''No, you don't need to.'' 2. After ku-form of adjective もっと軽くなければいけません。 Motto karuku nakereba ikemasen. It needs to be lighter. 3. After (adjectival) noun + de 老人に親切でなければいけません。 Roujin ni shinsetsu de nakereba ikemasen. You must be kind to old people. -> See also: nakereba naranai, nakutemo yoi |
| nakereba naranai なければならない Predicative phrase (expressing obligation/necessity of the speaker) meaning: have to. Nakereba may be replaced with nakutewa or the informal nakya. 1. After the stem of nai-form of verb 九時までに会社に行かなければなりません。 Ku ji made ni kaisha ni ikanakereba narimasen. I have to go to the company by nine o'clock. もっと単語を覚えなければなりません。 Motto tango o oboenakereba narimasen. I have to learn more words. 2. After ku-form of adjective アパートは駅にもっと近くなければならない。 Apaato wa eki ni motto chikaku nakereba naranai. The apartment house needs to be much closer to the station. 3. After (adjectival) noun + de 話は論理的でなければならない。 Hanashi wa ronriteki de nakereba naranai. The speech needs to be logical. -> See also: nakereba ikenai, nakutemo yoi, neba naranai |