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(2023) ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ßÇÛÊΠ| ßÇÛÊÈ ÂÎÑÒÎÊÀ | ßÏÎÍÑÊÈÉ III/444 |
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Languages Study | Languages of the East | Japanese III |
| Grammar II - 20.02/2 | Grammar L4 - 009 | Menu - Grammar |
| Respect Language Review | |
| 1. Honorific expressions: Exalt the subject of the sentence | |
| 先生がいらっしゃいました。 先生がお帰りになりました。 |
My professor has {graciously} arrived. My professor has {graciously} left. |
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sensei-ga (UP), irasshaimashita. |
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2. Extra Modest Expressions: Talk modestly of what you do. |
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| 私はメアリー・ハートと申します。 |
My name is Mary Hart. (person listening to you - UP) |
| watashi-wa (DOWN) - mearii haato, to mooshimasu. | |
| 3. Humble Expressions: Demote the subject and raise the profile of another person. | |
| 私は先生に本をお返ししました。 | I {humbly} returned the book to my professor. |
| watashi-wa (DOWN), sensei-ni (UP), hon-o o-kaeshi-shimashita. |