| Russian for English speakers 07 |
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| Lesson 07 |
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Russian |
Pronunciation & Comments |
English Английский |
| 16 - шестнадцать | 16 - (shestnadcăt') |
sixteen |
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17 - семнадцать |
17 - (sem'nadcăt') |
seventeen |
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18 - восемнадцать |
18 - (vosemnadcăt') |
eighteen |
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19 - девятнадцать |
19 - (dev'atnadcăt') |
nineteen |
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Седьмой (7-й) урок |
(sed'moy urok) |
Seventh lesson |
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УРОК НОМЕР СЕМЬ (№7) |
(oorock nommĕr sem') |
Lesson number seven (#7) |
| REVISION AND NOTES | ||
| At the term of our first week's study, what have we
learnt? First we are getting used to the Russian alphabet and the pronunciation ; we also understand a few short sentences, not much yet, but these are only the foundations of the edifice, which is as yet hardly above earth. We say : we understand, and not : we know ; for we must not forget that we are merely in the period of passive assimilation, and should do nothing but understand the sentences given, without trying to alter them or build up more ourselves. This will come in time, but for the moment, don't let us run harder than we can. |
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| Verbs. — Let us group the few aspects of them we have seen
: Present Indicative : |
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Я знаю |
I know |
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| Вы знаете | you (plural or polite singular) know | |
| Он (она) знает | he (she) knows | |
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я желаю |
I want (or wish) | |
| вы желаете | you want | |
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он (она) желает |
he (she) wants | |
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я понимаю |
I understand |
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| вы понимаете | you understand | |
| он (она) понимает | he (she) understands | |
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я помогаю |
I help | |
| вы помогаете | you help | |
| он (она) помогает | he (she) helps | |
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я начинаю |
I begin | |
| вы начинаете | you begin | |
| он (она) начинает | he (she) begins | |
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я читаю |
I read | |
| вы читаете | you read | |
| он (она) читает | he (she) reads | |
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я думаю |
I think | |
| вы думаете | you think | |
| он (она) думает |
(stressed on ду, not on ма). |
he (she) thinks |
| The infinitive of all these verbs is in ать : | ||
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знать |
to know | |
| желать | to want | |
| понимать | to understand | |
| помогать |
to help, to be helping |
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| начинать | to begin | |
| читать | to read | |
| думать |
(dооmăt', very short ă) |
to think |
| We have also met : | ||
| Я говорю |
I speak |
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вы говорите |
you speak | |
| он говорит | he speaks | |
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the infinitive of which is in ить : |
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говорить |
to speak | |
| so is | ||
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любить |
to love | |
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, which requires an л (l) after the б (b), and is stressed differently in вы любите, он любит |
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Я люблю |
I love, I like |
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вы любите |
you (pl.) love, you like | |
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он любит, она любит |
he/she loves, he/she likes |
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| We also briefly saw : | ||
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сказать |
to tell (to say, to utter) |
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| я скажу |
I'll say (I'll tell) |
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| извините |
excuse (verb - command or request, you-plural) |
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| дайте |
give! (you plural) - request or command |
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| может |
may (it's possible) |
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| and | ||
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быть |
to be (in может быть, may-be) |
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| Speaking of быть (to be), we see that it is understood in the present indicative : | ||
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я рад |
I (am) glad | |
| вы здесь | you (are) here | |
| он дома | he (is) at home | |
| где она? | where (is) she ? | |
| мой брат далеко |
my brother (is) far (from here); |
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ваш друг - француз |
your friend (is) French (Frenchman). |
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| PRONOUNS. — With the pronouns, we board the redoubtable declensions. | ||
| We have seen only three cases of them the nominative (subject case), the accusative (direct object) and the dative (remoter object, or recipient). | ||
| Let us read them over : | ||
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Я здесь |
I (nominative) (am) here | |
| извините меня |
excuse me (accusative) |
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дайте мне это |
give me (to me, dative) this | |
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Вы думаете |
you (nomin.) think, you're thinking |
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| он вас любит | he loves you (accus.), "he you loves" | |
| она вам говорит | she speaks to you (dative), "she you speaks" | |
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AK-NOTE: there're shades of meaning. |
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она вам говорит
что-то |
she's saying to you something |
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("она к вам говорит") |
("she is /to you/ speaks") |
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Он читает |
he (nomin.) reads | |
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я его понимаю |
(ya ievaw panimayu) |
I understand him (accus.), "I him understand" |
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она как вы |
she (nomin.) (is) like you -> she is similar to you |
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| я её знаю |
(ya ie'yo znayu) |
I know her (accus.), "I her know" |
| We have not the datives of он and она; we shall see them soon ; stone after stone we will build the house. | ||
| About nouns, adjectives, adverbs, we have not much to say, but about the article... | ||
| THE ARTICLE. — There is none. The, a, have no equivalent in Russian; an easy habit to take. It Is true that, for instance, вот письмо may mean both : here (is) a letter, and : here (is) the letter, but in current practice, thanks to the general meaning, you cannot be mistaken. | ||
| As to the gender of nouns, it is known from the ending, as we
shall see later on. Much more could be said about these first six lessons; but don't let us dwell too much on them. Too much precision is not suitable for a beginner. You must go forward with a will, without aiming at perfection, just like a child trying to speak. Moreover, for the time being, you have not yet got to speak, but simply to grasp the meaning of each sentence and repeat it aloud immediately, passively, without sitting too narrowly [on] what seems strange to you. We shall tell you when it is time to pass to the active stage. Allow yourself to be carried on; you are on a rolling carpet. |
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| Вы только начинаете. |
You just start. |