КИТАЙСКИЙ / КУРС
 |
Культурный контекст: Нравоучения из трёх символов.
|
|
三字经 |
11:22 |
|
|
如负薪，如挂角。 身虽劳，犹苦卓。 |
One carried firewood, another hanged (books from the) horns. Although they toiled with their bodies, they overcame their hardships. Zhu Maichen carried firewood while Li Mi worked as a cowherd while studying. They became ministers for the Han and Northern Zhou, respectively. |
Как нёс топливо/поленья, как [кто-то
другой использовал] крючки рога
(книги подвешивал на рога, будучи пастухом) |
|
rú fù xīn， rú guà jiăo。 shēn suī láo， yóu kŭ zhuō。 |
||
|
苏老泉，二十七。 始发愤，读书籍。 |
Su Laoquan at twenty-seven began to show his energy, and study the books. Su Laoquan became the Imperial Librarian for the Song dynasty. His son is the famous poet Su Dongbo. |
Су1 Лао3 Тчюэн2, 72 |
|
sū lăo quán， èrshíqī。 shĭ fā fèn， dúshū jí。 |
||
|
彼既老，犹悔迟。 尔小生，宜早思。 |
When already old, he regretted his delay. Like them, the young should think of this early. |
Относительно старый, как будто раскаивался за промедление Вы, "маленькая жизнь" (молодые пареньки), должны раньше думать. |
|
bĭ jì lăo， yóu huĭ chí。 ěr xiăo shēng， yí zăo sī。 |
||
| 若梁灏，八十二。 对大廷，魁多士。 |
There was Liang Hao who at eighty-two replied to the Great Hall, and came out first among many scholars. Liang Hao lived during the reign of Song Emperor Zhenzong. |
Как Лианг2 Хао4, 82 |
|
ruò liáng hào， bāshí èr。 duì dà tíng， kuí duō shì。 |
||
| 彼既成，众称异。 尔小生，宜立志。 |
After he had succeeded, everyone called him exceptional. Like them, the young should think appropriately early. |
Тот (уже) смог (завершилось успехом), многие
хвалили в избытке |
|
bĭ jì chéng， zhòng chèn yì。 ěr xiăo shēng， yí lìzhì。 |
||
| 莹八岁，能咏诗。 泌七岁，能赋棋。 |
Rong at eight years old, could compose poems. Bi, at seven years old, could make a poetic essay on weiqi. Zu Rong accepted the official title of child prodigy and was named civil servant at the age of twelve. Li Bi answered brilliantly a poetic challenge of the Tang emperor. He served four emperors at the highest levels. Weiqi is the Chinese board game better known by its Japanese name of Go. |
Йинг2, 8 лет, может декламировать стих Ми4, 7 лет, может "рифмовать прозу" [Вей] Тчи2. |
|
yíng bā suì， néng yŏng shī。 mì qī suì， néng fù qí。 |
||
| 彼颖悟，人称奇。 尔幼学，当效之。 |
They were clever and people called them special. Like them, young students ought to imitate them. |
Те талантливые поняли, люди сказали - "удивительно" Вы, молодые ученики, должны имитировать их |
|
bĭ yĭng wù， rén chēng jī。 ěr yòu xué， dāng xiào zhī。 |
||
| 蔡文姬，能辨琴。 谢道韫，能咏吟。 |
Cai Wenji, could judge from [the sound of] a lute. Xie Daoyun, could compose poems. Cai Wenji could tell from the sound which string was broken. She lived a difficult life during the Three Kingdoms era. Xie Daoyun was a celebrated poetess. She lived during the reign of the Eastern Jin dynasty. |
Тсаи4 Вэн2 Тьжи1, может различать Тчин2 (струнная цитра) Сье4 Тао4 Цун4, может стихи составлять ("декламацию декламировать") |
|
cài wén jī， néng biàn qín。 xiè dào yùn， néng yŏng yín。 |
||
| 彼女子，且聪敏。 尔男子，当自警。 |
They were girls, yet they were quick and clever. Like them, boys should alert yourselves. |
Те [только лишь]
девочки, вдобавок проницательные находчивые Вы мальчики, должны себя предостерегать (или "разогревать") |
|
bĭ nǚzĭ， qiě cōng mĭn。 ěr nánzĭ， dāng zì jĭng。 |
||
| 唐刘晏，方七岁。 举神童，作正字。 |
In the Tang dynasty, Liu Yan when only seven years old, was rated a child prodigy and appointed Corrector of Texts. Liu Yan served Emperor Minghuang of the Tang dynasty. |
Тханг2 Льеу2 Йан4, только семи лет |
|
táng liú yàn， fāng qī suì。 jŭ shéntóng， zuō zhēng zì。 |
||
| 彼虽幼，身己仕。 尔幼学，勉而致。 |
He, although a child, was already an official. Like them, young students, should exert yourselves and concentrate. |
Тот хотя молодой, персона сам чиновник/офицер |
|
bĭ suī yòu， shēn jĭ shì。 ěr yòu xué， miăn ér zhì。 |
||
| 有为者，亦若是。 |
Those who work like them, will succeed as they did. |
Дельный кто, умный тот (букв. "также как бы быть"). |
| yŏuwéi zhě， yì ruòshì。 | ||
| 犬守夜，鸡司晨。 苟不学，曷为人。 |
The dog guards the night; the rooster proclaims the dawn. If, negligently, you do not study, how can you become people? |
Собака ночью сторожит, петух "управляет рассветом" Если не учишься, как станешь человеком? |
|
quăn shŏuyè， jī sī chén。 gŏu bù xué， hé wéirén。 |
||
| 蚕吐丝，蜂酿蜜。 人不学，不如物。 |
The silkworm produces silk, the bee makes honey. If one does not study, what is the use of being human? |
Шелкопряд плюёт шёлк, пчела ферментирует мёд |
|
cán tŭ sī， fēng niàng mì。 rén bù xué， bùrú wù。 |
||
| 幼而学，壮而行。 上致君，下泽民。 |
When young, study; when grown up, perform. Influence the sovereign above, benefit the people below. |
Молодой однако учись, большой/мужицкий когда
действуй К верховным адресуйся правителям, нижнему благоволи народу |
|
yòu ér xué， zhuàng ér xíng。 shàng zhì jūn， xià zé mín。 |
||
| 扬名声，显父母。 光于前，裕于后。 |
Make a name for yourselves; honor you father and mother. Shine light on your ancestors, bring prosperity to your descendants. |
Пополняй репутацию, прославляй отца и мать |
|
yáng míngshēng， xiăn fùmŭ。 guāng yú qián， yù yú hòu。 |
||
| 人遗子，金满嬴。 我教子，惟一经。 |
People bequeath to their children chests full gold. I teach children, only one classic. |
Человек оставляет (в наследство, "теряет") детям,
золота полный запас |
|
rén yí zĭ， jīn măn yíng。 wŏ jiāo zĭ， wéiyī jīng。 |
||
| 勤有功，戏无益。 戒之哉，宜勉力。 |
Diligence has merit; play has no advantage. Guard against it; exert your strength. |
Прилежание имеет заслугу, развлечение бесполезно Остерегайся! Следует напрягать энергию |
|
qín yŏu gōng， xì wúyì。 jiè zhī zāi， yí miăn lì。 |