ЯПОНСКИЙ / КУРС
| Grammar I - 03.03 |
| Particles | |
| Nouns are generally followed by particles in Japanese. These particles indicate the nouns relationship to the verb. |
|
| で | The particle で indicates where the even described by the verb takes place. |
| de | |
| としょかん で ほん を よみます。 |
I (will) read book in the library. |
|
toshokan de hon o yomimasu. |
|
| うち で テレビ を みます。 |
I (will) watch TV at home. |
| uchi de terebi o mimasu. | |
| に | The particle に indicates two things: 1) the goal toward which things move, and 2) the time at which an event takes place. |
| ni | |
| 1) |
1) goal of movement |
| わたし は うち に かえります。 | I will return home. |
|
watashi wa uchi ni kaerimasu. |
|
| わたし は きょう がっこう に いきません。 |
I will not go to school today. |
| watashi wa kyoo gakko ni ikimasen. | |
| 2) | 2) time |
| にちようび に きょうと に いきます。 | I will go to Kyoto on Sunday. |
|
nichiyoobi ni kyooto ni ikimasu. |
|
| じゅう いち じ に ねます。 | I will go to bed at eleven. |
| juu-ichi ji ni nemasu. | |
| Approximate time references can be made by substituting goro or goro-ni for ni. | |
|
じゅう いち じ ごろ ねます。 じゅう いち じ ごろ に ねます。 |
I will go to bed at about eleven. |
|
juu-ichi ji goro nemasu. |
|
| へ |
The particle へ also indicates the goal of a movement. It is pronounced "e". |
|
he, [e] |
|
| わたし は うち へ かえります。 | I will return home. |
|
watashi wa uchi e kaerimasu. |
|
| わたし は きょう がっこう へ いきません。 | I will not go to school today. |
| watashi wa kyoo gakko e ikimasen. | |
|
Note that he [e] may replace the
particle ni only in the goal-of-movement
sense. |
|
| を |
The particle を indicates direct objects
- |
| wo [o] | |
|
コーヒー を のみます。 |
I drink coffee. |
|
koohii o nomimasu. |
|
| テープ を ききます。 | I listen to tapes. |
|
teepu o kikimasu. |
|
| テレビ を みます。 |
I watch TV. |
| terebi o mimasu. |