Naze なぜ
Interrogative adverb meaning: why.
1. In a question
「なぜ休んだのですか。」「かぜをひいたからです。」
"Naze yasunda no desu ka." "Kaze o hiita
kara desu."
"Why were you absent?" "Because I caught a
cold."
なぜ彼は来たのですか。
Naze kare wa kita no desu ka.
Why did he come?
彼になぜ約束を破ったのかたずねましたか。
Kare ni naze yakusoku o yabutta no ka
tazunemashita ka.
Did you ask him why he broke his promise?
-> See also: doushite, ka |
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Nazenaraba...kara なぜならば。。。から
Conjunction meaning: (why?)... because.
Desu may be put after kara to end a sentence
more politely, and the ba after nazenaraba
may be dropped. The reason for the action is
stated in the clause between nazenaraba and
kara.
1. Whit sentence inserted in the middle
彼は来ないでしょう。なぜならば行きたくないと言ってたからです。
Kare wa konai deshou. nazenaraba ikitaku nai
to itteta kara desu.
He may not come. (The reason why is) because
he said he didn't want to come.
-> See also: kara |
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Ne ね
Colloquial particle used for requesting
agreement or confirmation from the hearer,
or for softening the tone of a statement.
It may function as an English tag question
or may be used after any word in a sentence
in order to call the listener's attention to
it.
1. At the end of declarative sentence
「今日は天気がとてもいいですね。」「そうですね。」
"Kyou wa tenke ga totemo ii desu ne." "Sou
desu ne."
"The weather is nice today, isn't it?" "Yes,
it is."
本田さんも行きますね。
Honda san mo ikimasu ne.
You're going too, Mr. Honda, aren't you?
2. After nasai/kudasai
ぜひパーティーに来てくださいね。
Zehi paatii ni kite kudasai ne.
By all means please come to our party, OK?
3. After any elements of sentence
だからね、もっとねがんばってほしいんですよ。
Dakara ne, motto ne ganbatte hoshii n desu
yo.
That's why, you know, I want you to
work/study harder.
-> See also: yo |
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Neba naranai ねばならない
Predicative phrase (expressing obligation)
meaning: have to, must.
1. After the stem of nai-form of verb
もう行かねばなりません。
Mou ikaneba narimasen.
I have to leave now.
若いうちはもっと仕事せねばなりません。
Wakai uchi wa motto shigoto seneba narimasen.
You must work harder while you are young.
(this uses the antiquated form se[neba]
instead of the more common stem shi)
-> See also: nakereba naranai |
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