Nani 何
Interrogative pronoun meaning: what.
1. Used as subject
この袋には何が入っていますか。
Kono fukuro ni wa nani ga haitte imasu ka.
What is in this bag?
2. Used as object
デパートで何を買うんですか。
Depaato de nani o kau n desu ka.
What are you going to buy in the department
store?
今何が一番欲しいですか。
Ima nani ga ichiban hoshii desu ka.
What do you want most now?
何を話しているんですか。
Nani o hanashite iru n desu ka.
What are you talking about?
3. Used for describing subject
将来何になりたいのですか。
Shourai nani ni naritai no desu ka.
What do you want to be in the future?
-> See also: nan |
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Nara なら
Particle meaning: if, supposing…, on
condition that…, as for
1. after( addictable) noun in conditional
clause
明日雨ならば延期します.
Ashita ame naraba enki shimasu.
If it is raining tomorrow, we will postpone
it.
彼が病気ならば仕方がありません.
Kare ga byouki naraba shikata ga arimasen.
If he is ill, there is nothing we can do
about it.
遊園地ならディズニーランドがいい.
Yuuenchi nara dizuniirando ga ii.
As for amusement park, Disneyland is nice.
2. After sore
それならなぜ辞めないんですか.
Sore nara naze yamenai n desu ka.
If that's the case, why don't you stop?
3. after subject
私ならそんなものは買いません.
Watashi nara sonna mono wa kaimasen.
If it were me, I would not buy such a thing.
彼女なら喜んでしてくれるでしょう.
Kanojo nara yorokonde shite kureru deshou.
Certainly should be happy to do it for you.
4. after object
お金なら要りません.
O-kane nara irimasen.
if it's money ( you're offering), I don't
need it.
英語なら話せます.
Eigo nara hanasemasu.
if it's English ( you need), I can speak it.
5. after particle
来週までなら出来上がります.
Raishuu made nara dekiagarimasu.
I will be able to complete it by next week (
if you let me do it).
6. after dictionary form of verb/ adjective
+ no/n
ちゃんと返してくれるのなら貸してあげましょう.
Chanto kaeshite kureru no nara kashite
agemashou.
On condition that you return it to me
without fail, I will lend it to you.
そんなに安いなら買います.
Sonna ni yasui nara kaimasu.
If it's so cheap, I'll buy it.
7. After nai-form adverb/ adjective + no/n
あなたが出来ないのなら私がしましょう.
Anata ga dekinai no nara watashi ga
shimashou.
If you cannot do it, I will do it for you.
8. After ta-form a verb/ adjective + no/n
欲しかったのなら言ってくればよかったのに.
Hoshikatta no nara itte kurereba yokatta no
ni.
If you wanted it, you should have told me.
-> she also ba, tara, to, to sureba |
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Naru なる
Verb meaning: become, get, turn, come (grow)
to, learn to.
Naru is used with a word that describes the
subject.
1. After (adjectival) noun + ni
兄は高校教師になりました。
Ani wa koukou kyoushi ni narimashita.
My big brother became a high school teacher.
私はデザイナーになりたいです。
Watashi wa dezainaa ni naritai desu.
I want to be a designer.
よく休みなさい、そうしないと病気になりますよ。
Yoku yasuminasai, sou shinai to byouki ni
narimasu yo.
Sleep well - if you don't you'll become
sick.
実際に見れば相撲が好きになりますよ。
Jissai ni mireba sumou ga suki ni narimasu
yo.
If you actually watch sumo, you'll grow to
like it.
2. After ku-form of adjective
外はもう暗くなりました。
Soto wa mou kuraku narimashita.
It has already grown dark outside.
彼女はそれを見て青くなった。
Kanojo wa sore o mite aoku natta.
She saw it and turned pale.
いつから彼女と会わなくなったのですか。
Itsu kara kanojo to awanaku natta no desu
ka.
Since when did you stop meeting her?
3. After dictionary form of verb + you ni
私は日本語が分かるようになりました。
Watashi wa nihongo ga wakaru you ni
narimashita.
I have come to understand the Japanese
language.
最近よく酒を飲むようになった。
Saikin yoku sake o nomu you ni natta.
I've come to drink a lot recently.
ギターが弾けるようになりました。
Gitaa ga hikeru you ni narimashita.
I came to be able to play the guitar.
(I learned to play the guitar.)
-> See also: you ni, Polite Language (2) |
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Nasai なさい
Auxiliary verb used for making a strong,
emphatic, or rude command form.
The standard negative command form is made
by adding na to the dictionary form of verb.
It is safer to use nasai only toward
children. Adding yo after nasai will soft
and the tone, however.
1.After conjunctive form of verb
答えを紙に書きなさい。
Kotae o kami ni kakinasai.
Write your answers on the paper.
早くしなさい。
Hayaku shinasai.
Hurry up and do it.
-> See also: kudasai, na |
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