mono もの (物、者)
Noun meaning: thing/one which..., person,
(one's) belongings, what..., would often, it
is common that..., generally tend to (do),
indeed.
Unlike koto, the object expressed by mono
must be concrete inanimate object.
1. Used as noun
物をもっと大切にしてください。
Mono o motto taisetsu ni shite kudasai.
Please handle the things more carefully.
私は伊藤というものです。
Watashi wa itou to iu mono desu.
I am a person called Ito. (My name is Ito)
(Using mono to refer to oneself is humble)
2. After pronoun/noun + no
「この傘はあなたのものですか。」「いいえ、ジョンのものです。」
''Kono kasa wa anata no mono desu ka.'' ''Iie,
jon no mono desu.''
''Is this umbrella yours?'' ''No, it's
John's.''
(mono may be dropped after the possessive
no)
3. After dictionary form of verb/adjective
彼女が買う物はブランドものばかりだ。
Kanojo ga kau mono wa burando mono bakari da.
The things she buys are all top-brand
articles.
私が今欲しい物はビデオカメラです。
Watashi ga ima hoshii mono wa bideo kamera
desu.
What I want now is a video camera.
4. After ta-form of verb/adjective
あなたのテープレコーダーは私が買った物よりいいですね。
Anata no teepu rekoudaa wa watashi ga katta
mono yori ii desu ne.
Your tape recorder is better than the one I
bought, isn't it?
5. Followed by da/desu
休暇を一ヶ月取ってみたいものです。
Kyuuka o ikkagetsu totte mitai mono desu.
I'd like to take a one-month vacation if
possible.
誰でも新しい物に興味を持つものです。
Dare demo atarashii mono ni kyoumi o motsu
mono desu.
Anybody tends to take an interest in new
things.
楽しい時間のたつのは早いものです。
Tanoshii jikan no tatsu no wa hayai mono
desu.
Pleasant time passes quickly indeed.
私はよくうちでパーティーを開いたものです。
Watashi wa yoku uchi de paatii o hiraita
mono desu.
I would often have parties at my house.
-> See also: koto, no |
| |
morau もらう
Verb meaning: get, be given, receive, have
something (done), get (somebody) to (do
something), get benefit (from somebody doing
something)
The subject is usually the first person or
his/her family member, but can also be the
second person in question. The potential
form, moraeru, is often used in question.
The respectful form, itadaku, or its
potential form, itadakeru, is used instead
of morau when receiving something from
someone of higher status or to whom the
speaker wishes to show respect.
1. After object noun + o
アメリカにいる友人から手紙をもらいました。
Amerika ni iru yuujin kara tegami o
moraimashita.
I got a letter from my friend in America.
(kara may be replaced by ni)
「このカタログをもらえますか。」「どうぞ。」
''Kono katarogu o moraemasu ka.'' ''Douzo.''
''Could I get this catalog?'' ''Sure.''
2. After te-form of verb
友人からお金を貸してもらいました。
Yuujin kara o-kane o kashite moraimashita.
I was lent some money by a friend.
先生に作文を見ていただきました。
Sensei ni sakubun o mite itadakimashita.
I had my composition looked through by the
teacher.
皆に教室を掃除してもらいます。
Minna ni kyoushitsu o souji shite moraimasu.
I will get you all to clean the classroom.
彼に手伝ってもらった。
Kare ni tetsudatte moratta.
I got benefit from his helping me. (He
kindly helped me.)
その本を見せてもらえますか。
Sono hon o misete moraemasu ka.
Can I get you to show me the book?
(compare the above first person subject with
the following second person subject:)
その本を見せてくれますか。
Sono hon o misete kuremasu ka.
Will you show me the book?
(the subject ''you'' does the favor for
subject ''me'')
3. Used with tai-form
彼にそれをしてもらいたいと思います。
Kare ni sore o shite moraitai to omoimasu.
I think I want to get him to do that.
-> See also: ageru, itadaku, kureru |
| |
moshi もし
Adverb meaning: if, in case, when
It is used to stress the subjunctive when
the action or state in the conditional
clause is probable, improbable, unreal, or
didn't happen. moshi + mo is even more
emphatic.
1. At the beginning of conditional clause
もし雨なら中止です。
Moshi ame nara chuushi desu.
In case of rain, it will be called off.
もしもっとお金があればそれを買うのに。
Moshi motto okane ga areba sore o kau no ni.
If I had more money, I would buy it.
もしあなたの助けがなかったらうまく行かなかっただろう。
Moshi anata no tasuke ga nakattara umaku
ikanakatta darou.
If it had not been for your help, it
probably would not have gone well.
-> See also: ba, nara, tara |
| |
mottomo もっとも
Adverb forming the superlative of adjective
or adverb
It may be replaced with its informal
equivalent ichiban (lit. ''number one'').
1. Before adjective
これは今まで読んだうちでもっとも面白い本です。
Kore wa ima made yonda uchi de mottomo
omoshiroi hon desu.
This is the most interesting book that I
have ever read.
2. Before adverb
誰がもっとも上手に日本語が話せますか。
Dare ga mottomo jouzu ni nihongo ga
hanasemasu ka.
Who can speak Japanese the best?
3. Used with verb/adjective of emotion
私はこの絵がもっとも好きです。
Watashi wa kono e ga mottomo suki desu.
I like this painting best.
-> See also: ichiban |
|