kagiri 限り かぎり
Conjunction meaning: as long as..., as far
as... is concerned, as... as possible,
unless, not later than, just
1. After dictionary form of verb/adjective
私の知る限り彼はうそをついたことがない。
Watashi no shiru kagiri kare wa uso o tsuita
koto ga nai.
As far as I know he has never told a lie.
ここにいる限り静かにしなければならない。
Koko ni iru kagiri shizuka ni shinakereba
naranai.
We must keep quiet as long as we stay here.
2. After nai-form of verb
雨が降らない限り予定道理行われます。
Ame ga furanai kagiri yotei douri
okonawaremasu.
It will be held as scheduled unless it
rains.
3. After noun expressing time limit
申し込みは明日限りです。
Moushikomi wa asu kagiri desu.
Applications must be made no later than
tomorrow.
4. After specific noun + ni
今回に限り罰は与えません。
Konkai ni kagiri batsu wa ataemasen.
This time only I won't punish you.
5. After できる dekiru, followed by adverb
できる限り早く出かけたいと思います。
Dekiru kagiri hayaku dekaketai to omoimasu.
I'd like to leave as soon as possible.
-> See also: dake |
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kamoshirenai かもしれない
Adjective meaning: may, might, possibly
1. After dictionary form of verb/adjective
明日は雪が降るかもしれない。
Asu wa yuki ga furu kamoshirenai.
It may snow tomorrow.
彼の言うことが正しいのかもしれません。
Kare no iu koto ga tadashii no
kamoshiremasen.
Possibly what he says is right.
2. After ta-form of verb/adjective
その方がよかったのかもしれない。
Sono hou ga yokatta no kamoshirenai.
It might have been better.
もう帰ったのかもしれません。
Mou kaetta no kamoshiremasen.
She may have already gone.
3. After nai-form of verb
彼は一緒に行かないのかもしれません。
Kare wa isshoni ikanai no kamoshiremasen.
He may not go together (with us).
4. After (adjectival) noun
日本語はあなたには簡単かもしれません。
Nihongo wa anata ni wa kantan kamoshiremasen.
Japanese language might be easy for you.
-> See also でしょう deshou |
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kana かな
Informal particle meaning: I wonder if...
It can be replaced with kashira かしら (used
mostly by women).
1. At the end of sentence
電車に間に合うかな。
Densha ni ma ni au kana.
I wonder if I will be in time for the train.
彼女も来るかな。
Kanojo mo kuru kana.
I wonder if she will come, too.
これでいいかな。
Kore de ii kana.
I wonder if this is all right.
2. After (adjectival) noun (+ na no なの)
これは誰のかばん(なの)かな。
Kore wa dare no kaban (na no) kana.
I wonder whose bag this is.
(na no なの after the adjectival noun is often
dropped)
3. After conjunctive form of verb + temo ii
てもいい
窓を開けてもいいかな。
Mado o aketemo ii kana.
I wonder if it's okay to open the window. |
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kanarazushimo かならず 必ずしも
Adverb (used with a negative) meaning: (not)
always, (not) necessarily, (not) all
It can be shortened to kanarazu 必ず, or
replaced by itsumo いつも.
1. Used with negative
お金は必ずしも必要ではない。
O-kane wa kanarazushimo hitsuyou dewa nai.
Money is not always necessary.
2. Used with dictionary form of
verb/adjective + to wa kagiranai
それが必ずしもうまく行くとは限らない。
Sore ga kanarazushimo umaku iku to wa
kagiranai.
It will not necessarily go well.
先生が必ずしも正しいとは限りません。
Sensei ga kanarazushimo tadashii to wa
kagirimasen.
The teacher is not always right. |
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