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Verbs: replace て/で - te/de in te-forms with
た/だ - ta/da |
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い-adjectives in affirmative and all categories in the negative: replace
the final い - i with かった - katta |
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な-adjectives and noun+です in the affirmative: replace
だ - da in the present
tense short forms with だった - datta |
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two irregularities: |
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いく → いった |
to go - (he) went |
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いい → よかった / よくなかった |
good, well - was good / was not good |
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Examples: |
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Informal Present |
Informal (short form) past tense affirmative: |
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| よんで |
よむ → よんだ |
to read - he read (was reading) |
| かわいい |
かわいい → かわいかった |
sweet, pretty - was pretty |
| しずか |
しずか（な） → しずかだった |
peaceful - was peaceful |
| がくせいだ |
がくせい → がくせいだった |
student - was a student |
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| Informal Negative Present |
Informal (short form) past tense negative: |
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| よまない |
よむ → よまなかった |
to read - he not read (was not reading) |
| かわいくない |
かわいい → かわいくなかった |
sweet, pretty - was not pretty |
| しずか じゃ ない |
しずか（な） → しずか じゃ なかった |
peaceful - was not peaceful |
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ない |
がくせい → がくせい じゃ なかった |
student - was not a student |