| |
"Causative-passive" sentences are the passive version of the causative
sentences.
You can use causative-passive sentences when you want to say that
you were made to do, or harassed or talked into doing something, something
that you did not want to. |
|
|
|
（上手だから歌いたくなかったのに）
歌を歌たわされました。 |
(I didn't want to sing because I'm not a good singer, but) I
was forced to sing. |
|
(joozu da kara, utaitaku nakatta no ni)
uta-o utawasaremashita. |
|
（きらいだから食べたくないんですが、
いつも）肉を食べさせられます。 |
(I don't want to eat it because I don't like meat, but) I am
(always) made to eat meat. |
|
(kirai da kara, tabetaku nai n desu ga,
itsumo) niku-o tabesaseraremasu. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forming causative-passive forms: |
|
|
1) ru-verbs: Drop -ru and add -sase-rare-ru. |
|
食べる -> 食べさせられる |
|
|
taberu - tabesaserareru |
2) u-verbs that end with す- su: Drop -u and add
-ase-rare-ru. |
|
話す -> 話させられる |
|
|
hanasu - hanasaserareru |
3) all other u-verbs: Drop -u and add
-asare-ru. |
|
書く -> 書かされる |
|
|
kaku - kakasareru |
4) irregular verb: |
|
する -> させられる |
|
|
suru - saserareru |
|
|
くる -> こさせられる |
|
|
kuru - kosaserareru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
In the table above, you must have noticed
that
the causative-passive morphology in Groups 1, 2, and 4 is
indeed the combination of the causative and the passive
forms: -(s)ase-rare.
In Group 3, however, the
causative-passive suffix -asare is shorter than the
sum of the causative (-ase) and the passive (-rare)
suffixes.
* The more transparent combinative -aserare forms,
such as
書かせられる - kakaserareru are indeed grammatical,
but
causative-passive verbs of the -asare form, such as
書かされる -
kakasareru, are much more common. |
|
|
|
|
|
The basic makeup of a causative-passive
sentence is like this: |
|
私は 彼女に 車を洗わされました。 |
I was tricked by my girlfriend into washing
her car. |
|
watashi-wa kanojo-ni kuruma-o arawasaremashita. |
(puppet) は (puppet
master) に (action) |
|
|
The "puppet" is forced into performing an
action.
Marked with ha [wa] or ga.
The "puppet master" wields power over, and manipulates, the
puppet. The particle is ni.
The "action" forced upon the puppet is described with a
causative-passive verb. |
|
|
|
|
|
If you compare a causative-passive sentence with a causative
sentence, you notice that the actors are switched between
the two: |
|
私は 友達に 宿題を手伝わされました。 |
Causative-passive:
I was forced by my friend into helping him with his
homework. |
|
watashi-wa tomodachi-ni shukudai-o tetsudawasaremashita. |
|
|
友達は 私に 宿題を手伝わせました。 |
Causative:
My friend made me help him with his homework. |
|
tomodachi-wa watashi-ni shukudai-o tetsudawasemashita. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compare a causative-passive sentence with a plain,
non-causative non-passive sentence.
These two types of sentences have the same subject.
You add the "puppet master" role to a plain sentence and
make the verb longer, and you get a causative-passive
sentence. |
|
ゆみは お母さんに 勉強させられました。 |
Causative-passive:
Yumi was ordered by her mother to study. |
|
yumi-wa okaasan-ni benkyoo saseraremashita. |
|
|
ゆみは 勉強しました。 |
Plain:
Yumi studied. |
|
yumi-wa benkyoo shimashita. |
|