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Languages Study | Languages of the East | Japanese III
ÀÓÄÈÎ 327 | GRAMMAR II - 20.03
 
Grammar II - 20.03
～ないで - ~nai de  
 

If you do something without doing something else,
the missed action can be mentioned as ～ない - nai (the short negative present) plus で - de.
Note that the present tense form ～ない is used for both the present and past actions.
verb X + ないで

without doing X
   
   
ゆうべは、寝ないで、勉強しました。 Last night I studied without getting any sleep.

yuube-wa, nenai-de, benkyoo-shimashita.

  
   
辞書を使わないで、新聞を読みます。 I read a newspaper without using dictionaries.
jisho-o tsukawanai-de, shinbun yomimasu.