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Russian
Русский |
Pronunciation & Comments
Произношение и комментарии |
English
Английский |
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16 - шестнадцать |
16 - (shestnadcăt') |
sixteen |
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17 - семнадцать |
17 - (sem'nadcăt') |
seventeen |
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18 - восемнадцать |
18 - (vosemnadcăt') |
eighteen |
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19 - девятнадцать |
19 - (dev'atnadcăt') |
nineteen |
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Седьмой (7-й) урок |
(sed'moy urok) |
Seventh lesson |
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УРОК НОМЕР СЕМЬ (№7) |
(oorock nommĕr sem') |
Lesson number seven (#7) |
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REVISION AND NOTES |
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At the term of our first week's study, what have we
learnt?
First we are getting used to the Russian alphabet and the
pronunciation ; we also understand a few short sentences, not much yet,
but these are only the foundations of the edifice, which is as yet
hardly above earth.
We say : we understand, and not : we know ; for we must not forget that
we are merely in the period of passive assimilation, and should
do nothing but understand the sentences given, without trying to alter
them or build up more ourselves.
This will come in time, but for the moment, don't let us run harder
than we can. |
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Verbs. — Let us group the few aspects of them we have seen
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Present Indicative : |
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Я знаю |
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I know |
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Вы знаете |
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you (plural or polite singular) know |
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Он (она) знает |
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he (she) knows |
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я желаю |
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I want (or wish) |
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вы желаете |
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you want |
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он (она) желает |
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he (she) wants |
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я понимаю |
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I understand |
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вы понимаете |
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you understand |
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он (она) понимает |
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he (she) understands |
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я помогаю |
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I help |
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вы помогаете |
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you help |
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он (она) помогает |
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he (she) helps |
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я начинаю |
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I begin |
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вы начинаете |
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you begin |
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он (она) начинает |
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he (she) begins |
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я читаю |
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I read |
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вы читаете |
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you read |
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он (она) читает |
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he (she) reads |
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я думаю |
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I think |
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вы думаете |
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you think |
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он (она) думает |
(stressed on ду,
not on ма). |
he (she) thinks |
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The infinitive of all these verbs is in
ать : |
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знать |
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to know |
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желать |
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to want |
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понимать |
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to understand |
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помогать |
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to help, to be helping |
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начинать |
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to begin |
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читать |
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to read |
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думать |
(dооmăt', very short
ă) |
to think |
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We have also met : |
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Я говорю |
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I speak |
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вы говорите |
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you speak |
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он говорит |
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he speaks |
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the infinitive of which is in
ить : |
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говорить |
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to speak |
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so is |
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любить |
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to love |
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, which requires an
л (l) after the
б (b), and is stressed differently
in вы любите, он любит |
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Я люблю |
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I love, I like |
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вы любите |
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you (pl.) love, you like |
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он любит, она любит |
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he/she loves, he/she likes |
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We also briefly saw : |
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сказать |
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to tell (to say, to utter) |
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я скажу |
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I'll say (I'll tell) |
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извините |
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excuse (verb - command or request, you-plural) |
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дайте |
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give! (you plural) - request or command |
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может |
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may (it's possible) |
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and |
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быть |
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to be (in
может быть, may-be) |
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Speaking of быть (to
be), we see that it is understood in the present indicative : |
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я рад |
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I (am) glad |
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вы здесь |
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you (are) here |
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он дома |
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he (is) at home |
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где она? |
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where (is) she ? |
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мой брат далеко |
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my brother (is) far (from here); |
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ваш друг - француз |
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your friend (is) French (Frenchman). |
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PRONOUNS. — With the pronouns, we board the redoubtable declensions. |
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We have seen only three cases of them the nominative (subject
case), the accusative (direct object) and the dative
(remoter object, or recipient). |
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Let us read them over : |
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Я здесь |
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I (nominative) (am) here |
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извините меня |
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excuse me (accusative) |
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дайте мне это |
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give me (to me, dative) this |
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Вы думаете |
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you (nomin.) think, you're thinking |
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он вас любит |
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he loves you (accus.), "he you loves" |
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она вам говорит |
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she speaks to you (dative), "she you speaks" |
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AK-NOTE: there're shades of meaning.
Here are some examples for you to think about. |
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она вам говорит
что-то
она вам сообщает |
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she's saying to you something
she is notifying you |
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("она к вам говорит")
она к вам обращается |
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("she is /to you/ speaks")
the is talking to you, "she to you refers" |
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Он читает |
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he (nomin.) reads |
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я его понимаю |
(ya ievaw panimayu) |
I understand him (accus.), "I him understand" |
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она как вы |
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she (nomin.) (is) like you -> she is similar to you |
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я её знаю |
(ya ie'yo znayu) |
I know her (accus.), "I her know" |
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We have not the datives of он
and она;
we shall see them soon ; stone after stone we will build the house. |
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About nouns, adjectives, adverbs, we have not much to say, but about the
article... |
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THE ARTICLE. — There is none. The, a, have no equivalent in
Russian; an easy habit to take. It Is true that, for instance,
вот письмо
may mean both : here (is) a letter, and : here (is) the letter,
but in current practice, thanks to the general meaning, you cannot be
mistaken. |
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As to the gender of nouns, it is known from the ending, as we
shall see later on.
Much more could be said about these first six lessons; but
don't let us dwell too much on them. Too much precision is not suitable
for a beginner. You must go forward with a will, without aiming at
perfection, just like a child trying to speak.
Moreover, for the time being, you have not yet got to speak, but simply
to grasp the meaning of each sentence and repeat it aloud immediately,
passively, without sitting too narrowly [on] what seems strange to you.
We shall tell you when it is time to pass to the active stage.
Allow yourself to be carried on; you are on a rolling carpet. |
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Вы только начинаете. |
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You just start.
You're just commencing. |
