English 80

JRR Tolkien. Silmarillion.
14h 47min

Данное произведение, без сомнения, для энтузиастов. "Beware of the dwarves!" - иначе General Idea этого творения не передать.

Of Men

The Valar sat now behind their mountains at peace; and having given light to Middle-earth they left it for long untended, and the lordship of Morgoth was uncontested save by the valour of the Noldor. Most in mind Ulmo kept the exiles, who gathered news of the Earth through all the waters.

From this time forth were reckoned the Years of the Sun. Swifter and briefer are they than the long Years of the Trees in Valinor. In that time the air of Middle-earth became heavy with the breath of growth and mortality, and the changing and ageing of all things was hastened exceedingly; life teemed upon the soil and in the waters in the Second Spring of Arda, and the Eldar increased, and beneath the new Sun Beleriand grew green and fair.

At the first rising of the Sun the Younger Children of Ilúvatar awoke in the land of Hildórien in the eastward regions of Middle-earth; but the first Sun arose in the West, and the opening eyes of Men were turned towards it, and their feet as they wandered over the Earth for the most part strayed that way. The Atani they were named by the Eldar, the Second People; but they called them also Hildor, the Followers, and many other names: Apanónar, the After-born, Engwar, the Sickly, and Fírimar, the Mortals; and they named them the Usurpers, the Strangers, and the Inscrutable, the Self-cursed, the Heavy-handed, the Night-fearers, the Children of the Sun. Of Men little is told in these tales, which concern the Eldest Days before the waxing of mortals and the waning of the Elves, save of those fathers of men, the Atanatári, who in the first years of the Sun and Moon wandered into the North of the world. To Hildórien there came no Vala to guide Men, or to summon them to dwell in Valinor; and Men have feared the Valar, rather than loved them, and have not understood the purposes of the Powers, being at variance with them, and at strife with the world. Ulmo nonetheless took thought for them aiding the counsel and will of Manwë; and his messages came often to them by stream and flood. But they have not skill in such matters, and still less had they in those days before they had mingled with the Elves. Therefore they loved the waters, and their hearts were stirred, but they understood not the messages. Yet it is told that ere long they met Dark Elves in many places, and were befriended by them; and Men became the companions and disciples in their childhood of these ancient folk, wanderers of the Elven-race who never set out upon the paths to Valinor, and knew of the Valar only as a rumour and a distant name.

Present Perfect	Past Simple
I've lived in Texas for six years	I lived in Texas for six years.
I still live there.	Now I live somewhere else.

I've written several books.	Shakespeare wrote 30 plays.
I can still write some more.	He can't write any more.

Present Perfect - indefinite	Past Simple - definite
I've done it for a long time.	I did it yesterday.
I've done it since July.	I did it last week.
I've done it before.	I did it two days ago.
I've done it recently.	I did it at 8 o'clock.
	I did it in 1999.
I've already done it.	I did it when I was young.
I haven't done it yet.	I did it for a long time.

Dialog 71. Handshake	Диалог 71. Рукопожатие.
"Doctor, Doctor, You’ve got to help me - I just can’t stop my hands shaking!" "Do you drink a lot?" "Not really - I spill most of it!"	"Доктор, доктор, вы должны помочь мне - я не могу остановить мои руки - трясутся!" "Вы пьёте много?" "Не совсем - я проливаю большую часть."

Did you go to the doctor? Yes, but I made an appointment first. I went to the doctor after I had made an appointment.	Ты ходил к врачу? Да, но я сначала договорился о встрече ("сделал назначение"). Я сходил (ходил, отправился) к врачу после того, как записался (к нему).
Did the boss leave the office? Yes, but he finished his work first. He left the office after he had finished his work.	Твой босс ушёл из офиса? Да, но он сначала завершил работу. Он покинул офис после того, как он закончил работу (он имел законченной).

The waiter asked the blonde if she would like her pizza cut into six pieces or twelve. "Six please" she said, "I could never eat twelve!"	Официант спросил блондинку, хочет ли она пиццу разрезанную на шесть частей или на двенадцать. "Шесть, пожалуйста", она сказала. "Я никогда не осилила бы двенадцать!"

Did your mother sweep the floor? Yes, but she dusted the cupboard first. She swept the floor after she had dusted the cupboard.	Твоя мама подмела пол? Да, но она вытерла пыль со шкафа сначала. Она подмела пол после того, как протёрла шкаф.
Did the children go to bed? Yes, but they had a bath first. The children went to bed after they had had a bath.	Дети пошли спать (шли в кровать)? Да, но сначала они приняли ванну. Дети пошли спать после того, как приняли ванну.

Глагол	Прошедшее время	Причастие прошедшего времени	Причастие настоящего времени	Название действия	Название профессии
to play	played	played	playing	playing	player
играть	играл; Am En: играл, сыграл	игравший, проигранный	играющий	игра, играние	игрок, проигрыватель

to form	formed	formed	forming	forming	former
формировать	формировал Am En: формировал, сформировал	формировавший, сформированный	формирующий, образующий	формирование, отливка	формировальщик, формовщик, создатель, изобретатель

Real possibilities
If it rains, we'll stay home.	if + Present Simple + will
If you've finished your work, you can go home.	if + Present Perfect + modal auxiliary verb
If you're feeling ill, go home and get into bed.	If + Present Continuous + imperative

Unreal situations
You would understand me better if you came from my country.	would + if + Past Simple
If I were rich, I wouldn't have any problems.	if + were + would
If I stopped smoking, I could run faster.	if + Past Simple + modal auxiliary verb

Condition (if clause)	Result (result clause)
If I find a jumper in your size,	I'll buy it for you.
If you can't do the homework,	give me a call.
If you can find my purse,	I might buy you an ice-cream.
If you've never been to Wales,	you should try to go there one day.